Superflares- Background, Effects

Scientists have indicated that the Sun is capable of producing monstrous eruptions or ‘superflares‘ that can not only break down radio communication and power supplies, but also affect Earth’s ability to support life.

Background:

§  Superflares have been a mystery since the Kepler mission discovered them in larger numbers four years ago. The largest observed eruption from the Sun took place in September 1859.

§  Earth is often struck by solar eruptions. These eruptions consist of energetic particles that are hurled away from the Sun into space. But, when the Sun pours out gigantic amounts of hot plasma during large solar eruptions, it may have severe consequences.

Effects of superflares:

§  Damage to or loss of all artificial satellites.

§  Airline passengers on trans-polar flights would receive high radiation doses from the energetic particles (as would any astronauts or the crew of the International Space Station).

§  Significant depletion of the ozone layer with increased risk of cataracts, sunburn and skin cancer, as well as damage to growing plants. The recovery time would be of the order of months to years.

§  In the strongest cases there would be severe damage to the biosphere, especially to primary photosynthesis in the oceans.

§  Failure of the electricity distribution system, possibly with damage to transformers and switching equipment.

§  Loss of power to the cooling systems of spent fuel rods stored at nuclear power stations.

§  Loss of most radio communication because of increased ionisation in the atmosphere.