THE HINDU Editorial Vocabulary-March 3, 2017- Topic 1

The stakes in Manipur

Manipur will vote in 38 of its 60 Assembly constituencies on Saturday in the first of two phases. This election is shaping up into something new for Manipur’s polity, a direct contest between two national parties, the Congress and the Bharatiya Janata Party. The Congress is seeking to defend its 15-year record in power, while the BJP fancies its chances in a State that has generally voted favourably for the party ruling at the Centre. The four-month-long blockade by the United Naga Council of highways leading up to the valley has dominated the discourse in the run-up to the elections. 

The Manipur elections are important for both national parties. The Congress is seeking to retain its hold as the only party that has electoral support across various ethnic and geographic regions in the State, while the BJP is keen to get power in another northeastern State, after its victory last year in Assam. A contest between the Congress and the BJP in Manipur is welcome, as both parties do not represent any specific ethnic groups, unlike other parties in the fray in previous elections. But the BJP lacks a grassroots base in Manipur and largely comprises leaders who have defected from the Congress. This has resulted in a political campaign largely made up of accusations and counter-accusations of corruption, besides the blame game on the ongoing blockade.

The decision in early December 2016 by the Okram Ibobi Singh government to notify the formation of seven new districts, creating 16 districts in the State, was momentous. It allowed the Congress to seek support from the hill areas for this decision, as the new districts in the hills made for better administrative access in areas far from the valley. However, it resulted in the intensification of the blockade sponsored by the UNC, severely hitting normal life in Manipur. The persistence of the blockade has led to some degree of disaffection owing to the inability of the Congress government to bring it to an end, even if the government’s defence that any punitive measures against the UNC would have led to violence cannot be summarily dismissed. The Congress blames the Centre for not prevailing upon the UNC and other Naga groups to end the blockade, while the BJP blames the Congress for precipitating the crisis. In a State where insurgent groups remain active and that is still dependent on Central transfer of resources to shore up its economy, the electorate would have welcomed a genuine discourse on such issues in the run-up to the elections. Sadly, this did not happen.

 Vocabulary

Blockade: an act or means of sealing off a place to prevent goods or people from entering or leaving.

Example: There was a blockade of humanitarian aid

Synonyms: siege, besiegement; barricade, barrier, roadblock

Discourse: written or spoken communication or debate.

Example: The language of political discourse

Synonyms: discussion, conversation, talk, dialogue, conference

Retain: continue to have something.

Example: Built in 1830, the house retains many of its original features

Synonyms: keep, keep possession of, keep hold of, hold on to

Ethnic: relating to a population subgroup (within a larger or dominant national or cultural group) with a common national or cultural tradition.

Example: Leaders of ethnic communities

Synonyms: racial, race-related, ethnological, cultural

Fray: unravel or become worn at the edge, typically through constant rubbing.

Example: Cheap fabric soon frays

Synonyms: unravel, wear, wear thin, wear out/through, become worn

Momentous: great importance or significance, especially in its bearing on the future.

Example: A period of momentous changes in East-West relations

Synonyms: important, significant, historic, portentous, critical, crucial

Intensification: the action of making or becoming more intense.

Example: The intensification of the conflict

Persistence: firm or obstinate continuance in a course of action in spite of difficulty or opposition.

Example: Companies must have patience and persistence, but the rewards are there

Punitive: inflicting or intended as punishment.

Example: He called for punitive measures against the Eastern bloc

Synonyms: penal, disciplinary, corrective, correctional, retributive

Insurgent: a rebel or revolutionary.

Example: An attack by armed insurgents

Synonyms: rebel, revolutionary, revolutionist, mutineer, insurrectionist