THE HINDU Editorial Vocabulary- January 18, 2018 - Topic 2

Left behind

On the right to free, compulsory education

If there is one strong message from the findings of the Annual Status of Education Report (Rural) 2017, it is that the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act should cover the entire spectrum of 18 years, and not confine itself to those aged 6 to 14. Guaranteed inclusion will empower those in the 14-18 age group who are not enrolled anywhere, and help them acquire finishing education that is so vital to their participation in the workforce. 

The ASER sample study estimates that 14% of this age group — a total of 125 million young Indians in this category — are not enrolled. It is absolutely essential for all of them to get an education that equips them with the skills, especially job-oriented vocational capabilities, if the expectation of a demographic dividend is to be meaningful. Unfortunately, the state of rural elementary education is far from encouraging. To begin with, only 5% of the respondents in the survey, which was aided by the NGO Pratham, reported doing any kind of vocational course, and even among this small minority a third were enrolled for three months or less. Moreover, learning outcomes for those who had progressed to higher levels of schooling were shockingly low: only 43% of the youth could solve an arithmetic problem involving division of a three-digit number by a single digit; among those who were no longer in school, the percentage was sharply lower.

The insights available from successive studies point to progress being made in raw enrolment of children in school, but miserable failures in achieving learning outcomes. Also, enrolment figures often do not mean high attendance. It is not surprising, therefore, that a significant section of secondary level students find it difficult to read standard texts meant for junior classes or locate their own State on the map. There are also discrete differences among States on the number of youth who are not on the rolls in appropriate levels of schooling, with 29.4% of both boys and girls aged 17-18 not enrolled in a Chhattisgarh district, compared to 4.5% and 3.9%, respectively, in a Kerala district. The ASER data point to a massive digital divide, with 61% of respondents stating they had never used the Internet, and 56% a computer, while mobile telephony was accessible to 73%. Here too, girls were worse off in terms of access to computers and the Internet. Scaling up access to these can be achieved by bringing all children under the umbrella of a school, college or training institution. All expenditure on good education is bound to have a multiplier effect on productivity. What is needed is a vision that will translate the objectives of the RTE Act into a comprehensive guarantee, expanding its scope to cover all levels of education. This will remove the lacuna in policy that awaits remedy seven decades after Independence.

Vocabulary

Confine: keep or restrict someone or something within certain limits of space, scope, quantity, or time.

Example: He does not confine his message to politics

Synonyms: enclose, incarcerate, imprison, intern, impound, hold captive, trap

Antonyms: unloosen, liberate, unloose, free, release, loose

Essential: absolutely necessary.

Example: It is essential to keep up-to-date records

Synonyms: crucial, necessary, key, vital, indispensable, important, all-important

Antonyms: inessential, nonessential, unneeded, unimportant

Expectation: a strong belief that something will happen or be the case in the future.

Example: Reality had not lived up to expectations

Synonyms: supposition, assumption, presumption, conjecture, surmise

Antonyms: astonishment, consummation, despair, doubt

Respondent: a defendant in a lawsuit, especially one in an appeals or divorce case.

Example: Very well, and these other affidavits, I take it, are affidavits filed by the respondent 

Synonyms: answerer, responder, respondent

Antonyms: unresponsive

Outcome: the way a thing turns out; a consequence.

Example: It is the outcome of the vote that counts

Synonyms: result, end result, consequence, net result, upshot, aftereffect

Discrete: individually separate and distinct.

Example: Speech sounds are produced as a continuous sound signal rather than discrete units

Synonyms: separate, distinct, individual, detached, unattached, disconnected

Antonyms: continuous

Accessible:  able to be reached or entered.

Example: The town is accessible by bus

Synonyms: reachable, attainable, approachable, obtainable, available

Antonyms: trackless, out of reach(p), unavailable, unreachable

Comprehensive: complete.

Example: A comprehensive list of sources

Synonyms: comprehensive examination, comprehensive, comp

Antonyms: incomprehensive, noncomprehensive, limited, exclusive

Lacuna: an unfilled space or interval; a gap.

Example: The journal has filled a lacuna in Middle Eastern studies

Synonyms: gap, hiatus

Remedy: a medicine or treatment for a disease or injury.

Example: Herbal remedies for aches and pains

Synonyms: treatment, cure, medicine, medication, medicament

Antonyms: blemish, damage, detriment, disadvantage, evil